NAME
systat —
display system statistics in a
full-screen view
SYNOPSIS
systat |
[-bn]
[-M core]
[-N
system]
[-t turns]
[-w wait]
[display]
[refresh-interval] |
DESCRIPTION
systat displays various system statistics in a screen oriented
fashion using the curses screen display library,
curses(3).
While
systat is running the screen is usually divided into two
windows (an exception is the vmstat display which uses the entire screen). The
upper window depicts the current system load average. The information
displayed in the lower window may vary, depending on user commands. The last
line on the screen is reserved for user input and error messages.
By default
systat displays the processes getting the largest
percentage of the processor in the lower window. Other displays show more
detailed process information, swap space usage, disk usage statistics (a la
df(1)), disk I/O statistics (a la
iostat(8)), virtual memory
statistics (a la
vmstat(1)),
network ``mbuf'' utilization, network 'ifstat' traffic, and network
connections (a la
netstat(1)).
Input is interpreted at two different levels. A ``global'' command interpreter
processes all keyboard input. If this command interpreter fails to recognize a
command, the input line is passed to a per-display command interpreter. This
allows each display to have certain display-specific commands.
Command line options:
-
-
- -M
core
- Extract values associated with the name list from
core instead of the default
/dev/mem.
-
-
- -N
system
- Extract the name list from system
instead of the default /netbsd.
-
-
- -b
- Show the chosen display once and exit.
-
-
- -n
- Do not resolve IP addresses into string hostnames (FQDNs)
on netstat. It has the same effect as
numbers subcommand in netstat.
-
-
- -w
wait
- See refresh-interval.
-
-
- -t
turns
- How many refreshes to show each screen in 'all' display
mode.
-
-
- display
- The display argument expects to be
one of: all, bufcache,
df, ifstat,
inet.icmp, inet.ip,
inet.tcp, inet.tcpsyn,
inet6.ip6, iostat,
mbufs, netstat,
pigs, ps, swap,
syscall or vmstat. These displays can
also be requested interactively and are described in full detail
below.
-
-
- refresh-interval
- The refresh-interval specifies the
screen refresh time interval in seconds. This is provided for backwards
compatibility, and overrides the refresh-interval
specified with the -w flag.
Certain characters cause immediate action by
systat. These are
-
-
- ^L
- Refresh the screen.
-
-
- ^G
- Print the name of the current ``display'' being shown in
the lower window and the refresh interval.
-
-
- ^Z
- Stop systat.
-
-
- ?,
h
- Print the names of the available displays on the command
line.
-
-
- :
- Move the cursor to the command line and interpret the input
line typed as a command. While entering a command the current character
erase, word erase, and line kill characters may be used.
The following commands are interpreted by the ``global'' command interpreter.
-
-
- help
key
- Print the names of the available displays on the command
line. It will print long names as “inet.*”.
To print items under “inet”, give
inet as key.
-
-
- load
- Print the load average over the past 1, 5, and 15 minutes
on the command line.
-
-
- stop
- Stop refreshing the screen.
-
-
- [start]
[number]
- Start (continue) refreshing the screen. If a second,
numeric, argument is provided it is interpreted as a refresh interval in
seconds. Supplying only a number will set the refresh interval to this
value.
-
-
- quit
- Exit systat. (This may be abbreviated to
q.)
The available displays are:
-
-
- all
- Cycle through all displays automatically. At each display,
wait some refresh-turns, then switch to the next display. Duration of one
refresh-turn is adjustable with the -w option, number of
refresh-turns can be changed with the -t option.
-
-
- bufcache
- Display, in the lower window, statistics about the file
system buffers. Statistics for each file system that has active buffers
include the number of buffers for that file system, the number of active
kilobytes in those buffers and the total size of the buffers for that file
system.
-
-
- df
- Lists disk usage statistics for all filesystems, including
the available free space as well as a bar graph indicating the used
capacity.
The following commands are specific to the df display:
- all
- Displays information for all filesystems, including
kernfs, procfs and null-mounts.
- some
- Suppress information about procfs, kernfs and
null-mounts (default).
-
-
- ifstat
- Display the network traffic going through active interfaces
on the system. Idle interfaces will not be displayed until they receive
some traffic.
For each interface being displayed, the current, peak and total statistics
are displayed for incoming and outgoing traffic. By default, the
ifstat display will automatically scale the units being
used so that they are in a human-readable format. The scaling units used
for the current and peak traffic columns can be altered by the
scale command.
-
-
- scale
[units]
- Modify the scale used to display the current and peak
traffic over all interfaces. The following units are recognised: kbit,
kbyte, mbit, mbyte, gbit, gbyte and auto.
-
-
- pps
- Show statistics in packets per second instead of
bytes/bits per second. A subsequent call of pps
switches this mode off.
-
-
- match
[patterns]
- Display only interfaces that match pattern provided as
an argument. Patterns should be in shell syntax separated by
whitespaces or commas. If this command is called without arguments
then all interfaces are displayed. For example:
match re0, bge1
This will display re0 and bge1 interfaces.
match re*, bge*, lo0
This will display all re interfaces, all
bge interfaces and the loopback interface.
-
-
- inet.icmp
- Display ICMP statistics.
-
-
- inet.ip
- Display IPv4 and UDP statistics.
-
-
- inet.tcp
- Display TCP statistics.
-
-
- inet.tcpsyn
- Display statistics about the TCP ``syncache''.
-
-
- inet6.ip6
- Display IPv6 statistics.
-
-
- iostat
- Display, in the lower window, statistics about processor
use and disk throughput. Statistics on processor use appear as bar graphs
of the amount of time executing in user mode (``user''), in user mode
running low priority processes (``nice''), in system mode (``system''),
and idle (``idle''). Statistics on disk throughput show, for each drive,
kilobytes of data transferred, number of disk transactions performed, and
time spent in disk accesses in milliseconds. This information may be
displayed as bar graphs or as rows of numbers which scroll downward. Bar
graphs are shown by default;
The following commands are specific to the iostat display;
the minimum unambiguous prefix may be supplied.
- numbers
- Show the disk I/O statistics in numeric form. Values
are displayed in numeric columns which scroll downward.
- bars
- Show the disk I/O statistics in bar graph form
(default).
- secs
- Toggle the display of time in disk activity (the
default is to not display time).
- all
- Show the read and write statistics combined
(default).
- rw
- Show the read and write statistics separately.
-
-
- mbufs
- Display, in the lower window, the number of mbufs allocated
for particular uses, i.e. data, socket structures, etc.
-
-
- netstat
- Display, in the lower window, network connections. By
default, network servers awaiting requests are not displayed. Each address
is displayed in the format ``host.port'', with each shown symbolically,
when possible. It is possible to have addresses displayed numerically,
limit the display to a set of ports, hosts, and/or protocols (the minimum
unambiguous prefix may be supplied):
- all
- Toggle the displaying of server processes awaiting
requests (this is the equivalent of the -a flag to
netstat 1).
- numbers
- Display network addresses numerically.
- names
- Display network addresses symbolically.
- protocol
- Display only network connections using the indicated
protocol (currently either ``tcp'' or ``udp'').
- ignore
[items]
- Do not display information about connections associated
with the specified hosts or ports. Hosts and ports may be specified by
name (``vangogh'', ``ftp''), or numerically. Host addresses use the
Internet dot notation (``128.32.0.9''). Multiple items may be
specified with a single command by separating them with spaces.
- display
[items]
- Display information about the connections associated
with the specified hosts or ports. As for
ignore,
[items] may be names or
numbers.
- show
[ports|hosts]
- Show, on the command line, the currently selected
protocols, hosts, and ports. Hosts and ports which are being ignored
are prefixed with a `!'. If ports or
hosts is supplied as an argument to
show, then only the requested information will be
displayed.
- reset
- Reset the port, host, and protocol matching mechanisms
to the default (any protocol, port, or host).
-
-
- pigs
- Display, in the lower window, those processes which are
getting the largest portion of the processor (the default display). When
less than 100% of the processor is scheduled to user processes, the
remaining time is accounted to the ``idle'' process.
-
-
- ps
- Display, in the lower window, the same information provided
by the command ps(1) with the
flags -aux.
The following command is specific to the ps display; the
minimum unambiguous prefix may be supplied.
- user
name
- Limit the list of processes displayed to those owned by
user name. If name is
specified as `+', processes owned by any user are displayed
(default).
-
-
- swap
- Show information about swap space usage on all the swap
areas configured with
swapctl(8). The first
column is the device name of the partition. The next column is the total
space available in the partition. The Used column
indicates the total blocks used so far; the graph shows the percentage of
space in use on each partition. If there are more than one swap partition
in use, a total line is also shown. Areas known to the kernel, but not in
use are shown as not available.
-
-
- syscall
- Show per system call statistics. The display consists of
several columns of system call name and counts.
In order to stop entries moving around the screen too much, an infinite
response filter is applied to the values before they are sorted.
The following commands are specific to the syscall
display:
- sort
name
- Sort display by the syscall name (default).
- sort
count
- Sort display by the count of calls or time spent in the
calls.
- sort
syscall
- Sort display be syscall number.
- show
count
- Show the number of times the system call has be called
(default).
- show
time
- Show the average amount of time (in arbitrary units)
spent in a call of the syscall.
-
-
- vmstat
- Take over the entire display and show a (rather crowded)
compendium of statistics related to virtual memory usage, process
scheduling, device interrupts, system name translation caching, disk I/O
etc.
The upper left quadrant of the screen shows the number of users logged in
and the load average over the last one, five, and fifteen minute
intervals. Below this is a list of the average number of processes (over
the last refresh interval) that are runnable (`r'), in page wait (`p'), in
disk wait other than paging (`d'), sleeping (`s'). Below the queue length
listing is a numerical listing and a bar graph showing the amount of
system (shown as `='), user (shown as `>'), nice (shown as `-'), and
idle time (shown as ` ').
To the right of the process statistics is a column that lists the average
number of context switches (`Csw'), traps (`Trp'; includes page faults),
system calls (`Sys'), interrupts (`Int'), network software interrupts
(`Sof'), page faults (`Flt').
Below this are statistics on memory utilization. The first row of the table
reports memory usage only among active processes, that is processes that
have run in the previous twenty seconds. The second row reports on memory
usage of all processes. The first column reports on the number of physical
pages claimed by processes. The second column reports the number of pages
of memory and swap. The third column gives the number of pages of free
memory and swap.
Below the memory display are statistics on name translations. It lists the
number of names translated in the previous interval, the number and
percentage of the translations that were handled by the system wide name
translation cache, and the number and percentage of the translations that
were handled by the per process name translation cache.
At the bottom left is the disk usage display. It reports the number of
seeks, transfers, number of kilobyte blocks transferred per second
averaged over the refresh period of the display (by default, five
seconds), and the time spent in disk accesses. If there are more than five
disks, and the terminal window has more than 24 lines, the disks display
will be flipped so that more of the disk statistics are visible.
Under the date in the upper right hand quadrant are statistics on paging and
swapping activity. The first two columns report the average number of
pages brought in and out per second over the last refresh interval due to
page faults and the paging daemon. The third and fourth columns report the
average number of pages brought in and out per second over the last
refresh interval due to swap requests initiated by the scheduler. The
first row of the display shows the average number of disk transfers per
second over the last refresh interval; the second row of the display shows
the average number of pages transferred per second over the last refresh
interval.
Below the paging statistics is another columns of paging data. From top to
bottom, these represent average numbers of copy on write faults (`cow'),
object cache lookups (`objlk'), object cache hits (`objht'), pages zero
filled on demand (`zfodw'), number zfod's created (`nzfod'), percentage of
zfod's used (`%zfod'), number of kernel pages (`kern'), number of wired
pages (`wire'), number of active pages (`act'), number of inactive pages
(`inact'), number of free pages (`free'), pages freed by daemon (`daefr'),
pages freed by exiting processes (`prcfr'), number of pages reactivated
from freelist (`react'), scans in page out daemon (`scan'), revolutions of
the hand (`hdrev'), and in-transit blocking page faults (`intrn'), per
second over the refresh period. Note that the `%zfod' percentage is
usually less than 100%, however it may exceed 100% if a large number of
requests are actually used long after they were set up during a period
when no new pages are being set up. Thus this figure is most interesting
when observed over a long time period, such as from boot time (see below
on getting such a display).
To the left of the column of paging statistics is a breakdown of the
interrupts being handled by the system. At the top of the list is the
total interrupts per second over the time interval. The rest of the column
breaks down the total on a device by device basis. Only devices that have
interrupted at least once since boot time are shown.
Commands to switch between displays may be abbreviated to the minimum
unambiguous prefix; for example, ``io'' for ``iostat''. Certain information
may be discarded when the screen size is insufficient for display. For
example, on a machine with 10 drives the
iostat bar graph
displays only 3 drives on a 24 line terminal. When a bar graph would overflow
the allotted screen space it is truncated and the actual value is printed
``over top'' of the bar.
The following commands are common to each display which shows information about
disk drives. These commands are used to select a set of drives to report on,
should your system have more drives configured than can normally be displayed
on the screen. Drives may be specified as drive names or as patterns specified
in the notation described by
fnmatch(3).
- display
[drives]
- Display information about the drives indicated. Multiple
drives may be specified, separated by spaces.
- ignore
[drives]
- Do not display information about the drives indicated.
Multiple drives may be specified, separated by spaces.
- drives
[drives]
- With no arguments, display a list of available drives. With
arguments, replace the list of currently displayed drives with the ones
specified.
The following commands are specific to the
inet.*,
inet6.*,
syscall and
vmstat displays; the minimum unambiguous prefix may be
supplied.
- boot
- Display cumulative statistics since the system was
booted.
- run
- Display statistics as a running total from the point this
command is given.
- time
- Display statistics averaged over the refresh interval (the
default).
- zero
- Reset running statistics to zero.
FILES
- /netbsd
- For the namelist.
- /dev/kmem
- For information in main memory.
- /etc/hosts
- For host names.
- /etc/networks
- For network names.
- /etc/services
- For port names.
NOTES
Much of the information that
systat vmstat
uses is obtained from
struct vmmeter cnt.
SEE ALSO
df(1),
netstat(1),
ps(1),
top(1),
vmstat(1),
iostat(8),
pstat(8)
HISTORY
The
systat program appeared in
4.3BSD.
BUGS
Consumes CPU resources and thus may skew statistics.
Certain displays presume a minimum of 80 characters per line.
The
vmstat display looks out of place because it is (it was
added in as a separate display from what used to be a different program).
The
-b option requires a real terminal and could be converted
to simply output to standard output.