NAME
fsck —
file system consistency check
and interactive repair
SYNOPSIS
fsck |
[-dfnPpqvy]
[-l
maxparallel]
[-T
fstype:fsoptions]
[-t
fstype]
[-x
mountpoint] [special | node
...] |
DESCRIPTION
The
fsck command invokes file system-specific programs to
check the special devices listed in the
fstab(5) file or in the command
line for consistency.
It is normally used in the script
/etc/rc during automatic
reboot. If no file systems are specified, and “preen” mode is
enabled (
-p option)
fsck reads the table
/etc/fstab to determine which file systems to check, in what
order. Only partitions in fstab that are mounted ``rw,'' ``rq'' or ``ro'' and
that have non-zero pass number are checked. File systems with pass number 1
(normally just the root file system) are checked one at a time. When pass 1
completes, all remaining file systems are checked, running one process per
disk drive. By default, file systems which are already mounted read-write are
not checked. The disk drive containing each file system is inferred from the
longest prefix of the device name that ends in a digit; the remaining
characters are assumed to be the partition designator.
The options are as follows:
-
-
- -d
- Debugging mode. Just print the commands without executing
them.
-
-
- -f
- Force checking of file systems, even when they are marked
clean (for file systems that support this), or when they are mounted
read-write.
-
-
- -l
maxparallel
- Limit the number of parallel checks to the number specified
in the following argument. By default, the limit is the number of disks,
running one process per disk. If a smaller limit is given, the disks are
checked round-robin, one file system at a time.
-
-
- -n
- Causes fsck to assume no as the answer to
all operator questions, except "CONTINUE?".
-
-
- -P
- Display a progress meter for each file system check. This
option also disables parallel checking. Note that progress meters are not
supported by all file system types.
-
-
- -p
- Enter preen mode. In preen mode, fsck
will check all file systems listed in /etc/fstab
according to their pass number, and will make minor repairs without human
intervention.
-
-
- -q
- Quiet mode, do not output any messages for clean file
systems.
-
-
- -T
fstype:fsoptions
- List of comma separated file system specific options for
the specified file system type, in the same format as
mount(8).
-
-
- -t
fstype
- Invoke fsck only for the comma separated
list of file system types. If the list starts with “no” then
invoke fsck for the file system types that are not
specified in the list.
-
-
- -v
- Print the commands before executing them.
-
-
- -x
mountpoint
- Exclude the file system which has a
mountpoint the same as in
/etc/fstab. Used only in “preen” mode.
-
-
- -y
- Causes fsck to assume yes as the answer
to all operator questions.
FILES
- /etc/fstab
- file system table
EXIT STATUS
fsck exits with
0
on success. Any
major problems will cause
fsck to exit with the following
non-zero
exit(3) codes, so as to
alert any invoking program or script that human intervention is required.
-
-
1
- Usage problem.
-
-
2
- Unresolved errors while checking the file system.
Re-running fsck on the file system(s) is required.
-
-
4
- The root file system was changed in the process of
checking, and updating the mount was unsuccessful. A reboot (without sync)
is required.
-
-
8
- The file system check has failed, and a subsequent check is
required that will require human intervention.
-
-
12
- fsck exited because of the result of a
signal (usually
SIGINT
or
SIGQUIT
from the terminal).
SEE ALSO
fstab(5),
fsck_ext2fs(8),
fsck_ffs(8),
fsck_lfs(8),
fsck_msdos(8),
mount(8)
HISTORY
A
fsck utility appeared in
4.0BSD. It
was reimplemented as a file system independent wrapper in
NetBSD 1.3. The original file system specific utility
became
fsck_ffs(8) at this
point.